Mitochondrial and longevity-associated peptides
Mitochondrial and longevity-associated peptides groups 7 indexed compounds. Also written as longevity peptides, MDPs, mitochondrial peptides.
Definition
This class groups peptides whose retrieved literature concerns mitochondrial function or ageing endpoints. Two of its members are mitochondrial-derived peptides in the strict sense, encoded in mitochondrial DNA: a 2013 Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism review asks whether humanin is a harbinger of such peptides, and a 2018 Cell Metabolism paper reports that the mitochondrial-encoded peptide MOTS-c translocates to the nucleus. The other two are synthetic: a 2020 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences paper maps the mitochondrial protein interaction landscape of SS-31, and a 2020 Molecules paper examines the AEDG peptide, also called Epitalon.
[1, 2, 3, 4]Class-level mechanism as reported
The records describe mitochondrial localisation or mitochondrial endpoints rather than a common receptor. A 2015 Cell Metabolism paper reports that MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis, and a 2021 Nature Communications paper describes it as an exercise-induced regulator. For SS-31 a 2013 Journal of the American Society of Nephrology paper reports that the mitochondrial-targeted compound re-energises ischaemic mitochondria. Humanin is reported in a 2003 Nature paper to suppress apoptosis by interfering with Bax activation. For Epitalon a 2003 Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine paper reports induction of telomerase activity in a human cell model.
[5, 6, 7, 8, 9]Members
| Compound | Other names | Peptide | Reported half-life |
|---|---|---|---|
| MOTS-c | mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA type-c | Yes | Unknown No pharmacokinetics source was retrieved in v1. PubChem does not carry half-life as a property, so this is recorded as not yet sourced rather than estimated. |
| Humanin | HN, rescue factor humanin | Yes | Withheld pending qualified review |
| Elamipretide | SS-31, MTP-131, Bendavia | Yes | Withheld pending qualified review |
| Epitalon | Epithalon, AEDG peptide, Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly | Yes | Unknown No pharmacokinetics source was retrieved in v1. PubChem does not carry half-life as a property, so this is recorded as not yet sourced rather than estimated. |
| FOXO4-DRI | FOXO4 D-retro-inverso, FOXO4-D-Retro-Inverso peptide | Yes | Unknown No pharmacokinetics source was retrieved in v1. PubChem does not carry half-life as a property, so this is recorded as not yet sourced rather than estimated. |
| Glutathione | GSH, reduced glutathione, gamma-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine | Yes | Withheld pending qualified review |
| Carnosine | L-carnosine, beta-alanyl-L-histidine | Yes | Withheld pending qualified review |
4 of 7 compounds in this class are withheld pending qualified review, so their reported values are not shown here and their pages are not published. They are listed because the class is incomplete without them.
Where this page sits
Research records for compounds in this class
- Records indexed for MOTS-c
- Records indexed for Humanin
- Records indexed for Elamipretide
- Records indexed for Epitalon
- Records indexed for FOXO4-DRI
- Records indexed for Glutathione
- Records indexed for Carnosine
All classes: class index. All compounds: compound index.
Sources
- Humanin: a harbinger of mitochondrial-derived peptides?. Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM (2013). pmid:23402768
- The Mitochondrial-Encoded Peptide MOTS-c Translocates to the Nucleus to Regulate Nuclear Gene Expression in Response to Metabolic Stress. Cell metabolism (2018). pmid:29983246
- Mitochondrial protein interaction landscape of SS-31. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (2020). pmid:32554501
- AEDG Peptide (Epitalon) Stimulates Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis during Neurogenesis: Possible Epigenetic Mechanism. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) (2020). pmid:32019204
- The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistance. Cell metabolism (2015). pmid:25738459
- MOTS-c is an exercise-induced mitochondrial-encoded regulator of age-dependent physical decline and muscle homeostasis. Nature communications (2021). pmid:33473109
- The mitochondrial-targeted compound SS-31 re-energizes ischemic mitochondria by interacting with cardiolipin. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN (2013). pmid:23813215
- Humanin peptide suppresses apoptosis by interfering with Bax activation. Nature (2003). pmid:12732850
- Epithalon peptide induces telomerase activity and telomere elongation in human somatic cells. Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine (2003). pmid:12937682
On each stated value was matched to the record cited for it. That is record matching, not an appraisal of the research. Compiled and checked by: Peptide Monographs editorial desk. No qualified clinical reviewer.